PREFACE
The proceedings of the International Society of
Craniofacial Surgeons held in Monterey, California September 21-24, 2003
represent the “state-of-the-art” in clinical care and research in
craniofacial surgery presented at the 10th Biennial meeting. The Society was
established 20 years ago honoring its founding father, Paul Tessier. The
purpose of this society was to foster excellence and provide leadership in
this new surgical specialty. This meeting was held for the second time in
the U.S. commemorating the 20th anniversary of the society. A Pre-Meeting
Symposium was presented by nine of the founding members of this society on
long-term outcomes. Both meetings are available on CD-rom providing the live
presentations and scientific data. Included with this volume is an
additional CD-rom of the proceedings compliments of Synthes Maxillofacial.
Quantitative data providing outcome measurements is required today to
document results in craniofacial surgery. This reconstructive surgery has
provided improved quality of life for hundreds of thousands of patients with
deformities due to congenital, acquired, traumatic, and tumors of the head
and neck region. In the tradition of our meeting, as established by Daniel
Marchac, short presentations were followed by lively discussion. I have
included these discussions to provide a much better understanding of the
current thinking regarding these papers.
This meeting had nearly 300 registered participants from 23 countries. The
scientific program was selected from 218 abstracts divided into categories
of research, distraction, craniosynostosis, alloplastic materials, aesthetic
surgery of the craniofacial skeleton, blood replacement, tumors, trauma,
facial clefts, encephaloceles, and other related congenital anomalies. The
papers in these proceedings are in the order that they were presented and
with their corresponding discussions. The majority of the remaining papers
which were accepted or presented as posters at this meeting are also
included.
In my opening presidential address, I stated that it is time the
International Society take a more active role to assume the delivery of
excellence of care globally for craniofacial patients. The International
Society of Craniofacial Surgeons should not only be for surgeons, but become
better advocates for our patients. Under served areas of the world need
access to craniofacial expertise which should be delivered in dedicated
centers of excellence.
During this last two-year period, a strategic plan was drafted, accepted,
and presented at the business meeting. It was anticipated that efforts would
be taken in the future to move towards the goals set out in this strategic
plan. The technical and research advances in craniofacial surgery presented
in this volume will improve patient care and quality of outcomes. It is left
to the future leaders of this society to take a pro-active position for our
patients, to inform appropriate governments, media, and the public in
general about the potential contributions of craniofacial surgery to the
welfare of our society and improved quality of life for many patients.
Kenneth E. Salyer, M.D.
CONTENTS
Preface
Achieving Excellence in Craniofacial Surgery
K.E. Salyer
The 2003 Tessier Lecture
M.T. Longaker
Chapter I -
Research
Gene Expression of Proteins Involved in Early Phase Bone Regeneration Is
Reduced in Aged Rats
M.E. Skourtis, X. Gong, W. Ozaki and S.R. Winn
Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell (AMSC) Bone Generation in a Canine
Craniotomy Model
K.E. Salyer, C.R. Barcelo, M. Kramer, D.G. Genecov and L.A. Opperman
Abstract: Tissue Engineering in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration using Gene
Engineered Autologous Bone Marrow Mensenchymal Stem Cells
S. Chia Ning Chang, H. Chuang, Y.R. Chen, J.K. Chen, H.-Y. Chung, Y.-L. Iiu,
H.-Y. Lin,
C.-L. Tai and J. Lou
Discussion
A Comparison of Inlay Vs. Onlay Bone Graft Dynamics in the Craniofacial
Skeleton
S. Buchman, A. Rosenthal and W. Ozaki
Equivalent Tooth Eruption Is Seen Between rhBMP-4 Gene Therapy and
Autografting in a New Juvenile Canine Model
J. Chen, S. Winn, X. Gong and W. Ozaki
Biocompatibility of Norian CRS and Resorbable Fixation Systems in Critical
Sized Cranial Defects: Long-term Results in an Adult Animal Model
F.R. Graewe, D.D. Genecov, R. Barcelo, M. Kremer, L. Opperman, A. Amada, R.
Agarwal and K.E. Salyer
Abstract: Measuring Pulsatile Forces Acting on the Human Cranium
C.S. Goldberg, C.S. Goldberg and J.A. Fialkov
Discussion
Attending to Families: Do Clinical Services Meet Patient Needs? An Audit of
UK Clinical Services
D. Hearst, M. Knapp, J. Middleton, J. Reed and K. Saunders
Subpopulations of Patients with Frontonasal Dysplasia
D.W. Day, K.E. Salyer and J.A. Fearon
Speech and Language Characteristics of Children with Pfeiffer Syndrome Type
2 and 3
C. Shipster, T. Sirimanna, D. Hearst, S.L. Lap, B. Gillespie, R. Evans and
R. Hayward
Abstract: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and deletions of TWIST
I.M. de Heer, A.J.M. Hoogeboom, B. Eussen, C. Vermeij-Keers, J.M. Vaandrager
and A. de Klein
Discussion
New Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Deformational
Plagiocephaly
S.P. Beals, E.F. Joganic, K.H. Manwaring, H.L. Rekate, J.K. Pomatto,
J.C. Cherney and T.R. Littlefield
3-Dimensional CT Assessment of Craniofacial Deformity in Patients with
Uncorrected Congenital Muscular Torticollis
C.C. YU, F.H. WONG, L.J. LO and Y.-R. CHEN
Environment vs. Genetics: A Study of Family Head Shape
J.K. Pomatto, T.R. Littlefield, J.C. Cherney and S.P. Beals
Abstract: The Significance of Torticollis in Deformational Posterior
Plagiocephaly
G.F. Rogers and J.B. Mulliken
Discussion
Cell Yield, Proliferation, Post-expansion Differentiation Capacity and
Growth Factor Responsiveness of Human Ear, Nasal and Rib Chondrocytes
A. Tay,, J. Farhadi, R. Suetterlin, M. Heberer, G. Pierer and I. Martin
Tissue Engineered Human Auricular Chondrocytes and Its Clinical Application
for Cranio-Facial Deformities
K. Imai, H. Yanaga, A. Yamada, T. Nomachi, T. Fujimoto and S. Miyamoto
Discussion
Chapter
II -
Distraction Osteogenesis
Quadruple Internal Distraction with Monobloc Advancement: Experience with 20
Cases
E. Arnaud, D. Marchac and D. Renier
Long Term Follow-up: Report of 17 Cases of Craniosynostosis
C.M. Raposo do Amaral, C.L. Buzzo, T. Rinco, M.A.C. Bueno, L.A.B. Turchiari
and C.E. Raposo do Amaral
Intracranial Volume Measurements After Fronto-orbital Advancement Using
Gradual Distraction in Patients with Non-syndromic or Syndromic
Craniosynostosis
T. Fujimoto, K. Imai, H. Komune, T. Nomachi, M. Fujii, H. Sakamoto and S.
Kitano
Abstract: Monobloc advancement: Reduced morbidity with distraction
osteogenesis
P. Taub, J.P. Bradley, P. Benhaim and H. Kawamoto
Abstract: Midface Advancement with External Distraction Osteogenesis:
Technique and Analysis
J.W. Polley, A.A. Figueroa, D.F. Gomez, G.J. Kouris and S.J.V. Theodorou
Abstract: Monobloc Distraction Osteogenesis in Infants and Young Children.
Functional Outcomes
D.J. Dunaway, B.M. Jones, R.D. Evans, R.D. Hayward, D. Mowatt, V. Pierera,
S. Leighton and K.K. Nischall
Discussion
Further Experiences in Midfacial Advancement without Maxillary Osteotomy
P. Pellerin, N. Capon-Desgardin, P. Dhellemmes and M. Vinchon
Precise Three Dimensional Control of Mid-facial Distraction at the LeFort
III Level
R.J. Havlik and R. Hathaway
Discussion
Abstract: Long-term Evaluation of Mandibular Growth Following Distraction
Osteogenesis
J.N. Jensen, J.G. McCarthy and B.H. Grayson
Abstract: Maxillary Stability After Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) in Cleft
Patients with Rigid External Distraction
A.A. Figueroa, J.W. Polley, H. Friede and E. Ko
Abstract: Skeletal and speech alterations after maxillary distraction
osteogenesis by RED in cleft patients
P.K.T. Chen, C.-C. Yu , Y.-R. Chen, E.J.W. Liou and D.C.S. Huang
Abstract: Finite-element analysis and visualization of changes following
maxillary distraction osteogenesis
P.E. Santiago, G.D. Singh, R.A. Dietrich, M.A. Yanez, L.M. Reyes, J.W.
Polley and A.A. Figueroa
Discussion
Microdistraction of Pre-osteoblasts: Proliferation, Differentiation, and
Favorable Morphological Change
M. Askari, K. Azari, K. O’Hara, J.O. Hollinger and J.P. Bradley
Endothelial Progenitor Cell Trafficking in Distraction Osteogenesis in the
Activation and Consolidation Phases
C.L. Cetrulo, Jr., R.L. Ashinoff, D.J. Ceradini, M. Dobryanski, J.M. Capla,
K.A. Bhatt,
R.D. Galiano, J.N. Jensen, J.P. Levine, G.C. Gurtner and J.G. McCarthy
Gene Therapy with Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 in Mandibular Distraction
Osteogenesis
R.L. Ashinoff, R.D. Galiano, C.L. Cetrulo Jr., M. Dobryansky, K.A. Bhatt,
J. Michaels V, D. Ceradini, J.P. Levine, G.C. Gurtner and J.G. McCarthy
Abstract: The Positive Effect of LIPUS on Rapid Mandibular Distraction
P. Stephens, K. Andersen, M.P. Gianoutsos and W. R. Walsh
Discussion
Spring-Mediated Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
M. Mofid
Correction of Upper Airway Obstruction in the Newborn with Internal
Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
J.P. Bradley, K. Izadi, R. Yellon, D. Mandell and K. O’Hara
Single-Stage Resorbable Bone Distraction: A New Class of Devices
J.K. Williams, F.D. Burstein and R. Hudgins
Discussion
To Distract or Not to Distract: an Algorithm for Airway Management in
Isolated Pierre Robin Sequence
A.K. Gosain, R.B. Schaefer and J.A. Stadler III
Management of Upper Airway and Feeding Difficulties in Infants with Pierre
Robin Sequence Using Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
A.J. Abdollahzadeh and A.A. Rozzelle
Avoiding Tracheostomy in Neonates with Severe Micrognathia Using Modified
Osteotomy & Positioning of the Internal Mandibular Distraction Device
V.K. Singhal
Distraction Osteogenesis for Treatment of Mandibular Airway Obstruction
Syndrome
D.G. Genecov, K.E. Salyer, E.R. Genecov, C.R. Barcelo and Y.-C. Por
Abstract: Deglutition Gastroesophageal Reflux and Apnea in Pierre Robin
Corrected by Distraction
F. Ortiz Monasterio and F. Berlanga
Abstract: Outcome Analysis of Distraction in Infants with Pierre Robin
Sequence
C.R. Volpe and C.A. Vander Kolk
Discussion
Influence of Distraction Osteogenesis in Mandibular Hypoplasia on the Facial
Development in the Growing Age
C. Klein
Abstract: Modification of the Distraction Technique in the Severely
Hypoplastic Mandibular Ramus
J.G. McCarthy, B.H. Grayson, J.N. Jensen and M. Eski
Abstract: Midface Distraction at the Lefort I Level: The Role of Rapid
Distraction, Callus Bending, and Rigid Internal Fixation
S.P. BARTLETT, S. BAKER and J. LOSSEE
Discussion
Chapter III -
Craniosynostosis
Analysis of Frontofacial Growth in Patients with FGFR3Pro250Arg Mutation
J.K. Wu, B.L. Padwa and J.B. Mulliken
Abstract: Microfocal Computer Tomography Examination of Mouse Cranial
Sutures In Situ
R.F. Recinos, R.B. Schaefer, C. Hanger, C. Dawson and A.K. Gosain
Abstract: Craniofacial dysostosis – a clinical management algorithm
B.M. Jones, D. Dunaway, R. Evans and R. Hayward
Discussion
“How Low Can You Go?” Severe Falls in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in
Children with Complex Craniosynostosis
R. Hayward, S. Gonsalez, D. Mowatt and B. Jones
VP-Shunt Induced Bone Resorption after Craniofacial Remodeling
C.R. Barcelo, K.E. Salyer,
D.G. Genecov and K. Shapiro
Abstract: The Correlation Between Non-syndromic Craniosynostosis and Chiari
I Malformations
T.X. Hahm, C.R. Volpe, D. Foer,
B. Robertson and C.A. Vander Kolk
Discussion
Surgical Management of Multiple Suture Synostosis: Using Minimally Invasive
Endoscopic Craniectomies
C. Barone, D. Jimenez, L. Baker and C. Cartwright
Minimally Invasive Spring Mediated Cranioplasty for Craniosynostosis
L. David, S. Glazier and L. Argenta
Abstract: Endoscopic vs. Open Craniosynostosis Reconstructive Techniques: A
Retrospective Comparison of Efficacy
E.J. Stelnicki and L. Rodriguez
Abstract: Comparison of Early Extended Strip Craniectomy (ESC) Versus Total
Cranial Vault Reshaping (TCV) in Sagittal Synostosis: CT and Clinical
Assessment
J.R. Marcus, B.P. Rechner, P. Dirks, J. Rutka, J. Drake, R. Humphreys, J.
Phillips and C.R. Forrest
Discussion
Long-term Follow- up: Report of 7 Cases of Unilateral Coronal Synostosis
C.E. Raposo do Amaral, P.H. Facchina Nunes, C.L. Buzzo, V.L.A. Raposo do
Amaral and C. Raposo do Amaral
Abstract: Complications Following the Surgical Management of Non-Syndromic
Unicoronal Synostosis In Infancy
C.R. Forrest, P. Dirks, R. P. Humphreys, J. Drake and J.T. Rutka
Discussion
Measurements of Electrical and Magnetic Brain Activity Help Detecting Brain
Dysfunctions in Children with Craniosynostoses
J. Hukki, M. Huotilainen, J. Öhman, E. Kushnerenko, A. Shestakova and R.
Näätänen
Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Patients Undergoing Aesthetic Surgery of the
Craniofacial Skeleton
D. Sarwer, L. Whitaker and S. Bartlett
New Insights in the Mechanisms of Craniosysnostosis
S. WARREN, L. BRUNET. A. ECONOMIDES, R. NACAMULI, K. FONG, H. SONG, T. FANG,
J. MATHY and M. LONGAKER
Abstract: Cognitive and Behavioral Function in Non-syndromic
Craniosynostosis
D. Becker, J. Dayne Petersen,
A.A. Kane, T. Pilgram, M.M. Cradock,
J.M. Gurley and J.L. Marsh
Discussion
Chapter IV-
Alloplastic Materials
The Use of Hydroxyappatite Cement in Craniofacial Reconstruction: Experience
in 130 Patients
F.D. Burstein, J.K. Williams, S. Cohen, R. Hudgins, W. Boydston and A.
Reisner
Hydroxyapatite Cement Cranioplasty in the Pediatric Population
B. Beber, J.H. Phillips and C.R. Forrest
Evaluation of the Results of 98 Cranioplasties Using Methyl Methacrylate
Implants
D. Marchac and A. Greensmith
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) As a Bone Substitute in Craniofacial Surgery
G. Maltese, P. Tarnow, R. Olsson and C. Lauritzen
Discussion
Chapter V - Aesthetic
Surgery of the Craniofacial Skeleton
Reduction Malarplasty without External Incision: A Simple Technique
C. Mahatumarat and N. Rojvachiranonda
Quantitative Analysis of Postoperative Growth of the Anterior Cranial Vault
and Cranial Base in Syndromal Synostoses
J. Kolar and K. Salyer
Blood Replacement Reducing Allogenic Transfusions in Pediatric Cranial Vault
Surgery: A Prospective Analysis Utilizing Blood Recycling
J. Fearon
Efficacy of Aprotinin in Children Undergoing Craniofacial Surgery
K. Muraszko, C.C. C’Errico, S. Buchman, H.M. Munro and D. wagner
Discussion
Chapter
VI -
Tumors and Related Congenital Anomalies
Abstract: Lingual Reduction in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
J.L. Marsh and L.M. Grames
Abstract: Effect of Partial Glossectomy on Dentofacial Development in
Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
B.L. Padwa, J. Beltran, J.B. Mulliken and M. August
Discussion
Coverage of the Exposed Cranial Base
S.A. Wolfe, R. Ghurani, K. El-Musa, G. Morrison and J. Ragheb
Keystone Approach for Intra-Cranial Nasofrontal Dermoid Sinuses
J.A. van Aalst and R.J. Havlik
Discussion
Abstract: Duplication of Stomatodeal Structures Report of Six Cases with
Literature Review
C.-H. Lin, Y.-R. Chen and P.K.T. Chen
Abstract: Diagnosis, Management and Outcome of Craniofacial Teratomas
R. Hopper, J. Gruss, J. Perkins, R. Ellenbogen and M. Cunningham
Teratomas of the Craniofacial Region
P.J. Anderson and D.J. David
Abstract: Definitive One Stage Correction of Severe Aplasia Cutis Congnita
in the Neonatal Period
J.S. Gruss, A.R. Muzaffar and R.G. Ellenbogen
Composite Osseo-fascial Free Tissue Transfer: A New Approach to Total
Internal Nasal Reconstruction
D. O’Donovan, J. Fialkov, P. Binhammer and O. Antonyshyn
Useful Initiatives in the Surgical Treatment of Cranio-Orbito-Temporal
Neurofibromatosis
M. Kelly, G. Franchi, N. Waterhouse and D. Krastinova
Computer Generated HTR Implants for Orbital Neurofibromatosis
M. Sadove, J. Kalsbeck and B. Eppley
Discussion
Chapter VII - Trauma
Long-term Consequences of Fractures of the Pediatric Craniofacial Skeleton
D. Singh and S. Bartlett
Nasofrontal Duct Management in the Surgery of a Craniofacial Junction
S. Kyutoku, S. Kurooka, Y. Tomino and K. Kawakami
Frontal Sinus Fracture Outcomes: A Ten Year Review
A. Armour, J.G. Mainprize, J. Fialkov, C. Forrest,
J. Phillips and O. Antonyshyn
Functional Outcomes of Post-traumatic Enophthalmos Correction
R. Grover, N. Nijhiwan, A. Budning and O. Antonyshyn
Does Surgical Correction of Enopthalmus Require Overcorrection?
M. Musgrave, O. Antonyshyn and M. Pahuta
Treatment of Mandibular Angle Fractures with a Matrix Miniplate: A
Preliminary Report
J. Feledy, E.J. Caterson, S. Steger, S. Stal and L. Hollier
Discussion
Chapter VIII -
Facial Clefts, Encephalocele, and Other Anomalies
Hemifacial Microssomia: 105 Cases in 7 Years
R. da Silva Freitas, A.E. Contin Mansur, N. Alonso, L. Busato and G. Azor de
Oliveira e Cruz
The Long-term Results in Hemifacial Microsomia
D.J. David
Clinical and Radiologic Findings in Five Patients with the Rare Tessier
Number Nine Cleft
D. Goldenberg, N. Alonso, H. Friedhofer, E. Bastos, F. Saito and M. Ferreira
Surgical Treatment of Facial Cleft N# 4. Experience in 14 Cases
N. Alonso, R. Freitas, D. Goldenberg, E. Bastos, G. Cruz and M. Ferreira
Discussion
Transfacial Approach and Anthropometric Surgical Reconstruction for
Frontoethmoidal Meningoencephaloceles
A. Fuente Del Campo and A. Escanero Salazar
Associated Brain Anomalies in the Frontoethmoidal Encephalomeningocele
N. Rojvachiranonda, S. Lerdlum, C. Mahatumarat, C. Taecholarn and J. Yanotai
Discussion
Chapter IX - Other
Facial Anomalies
Abstract: Circular Splitting of the Mandible – Surgical Technique and
Indications
J.A. Obwegeser
Abstract: Bilateral Temporomandibular joint ankylosis: long term functional
results after autogenous reconstruction
Y.-R. Chen, V. Dhawan, C.-S. Hwang,
E.W.-C. Ko, P.K.T. Chen and L.-J. Lo
Abstract: Anatomy of the Temporal Hollow: The Superficial Temporal Fat Pad
S. Kim and D. Matic
Abstract: Hard and Soft Tissue Virtual Surgery (VISU) Prediction in
Orthognathic Surgery
A. Bianchi, C. Marchetti, M. Bassi, R. Gori and U. Albisinni
Abstract: Facial Asymmetry and Hemifacial Hyperplasia
J.J. PARK and C.G. PARK
Discussion
Chapter X -
Craniopagus Twins Panel
Separation of Craniopagus Twins. The Johns Hopkins Experience
C.R. Dufresne and B.S. Carson
Abstract: The Separation Craniopagus Twins
M.M. URATA, H.K. KAWAMOTO and P.J. TAUB
Discussion
Chapter XI - Other
Papers not Presented
Microarray Analysis Comparing Juvenile and Adult Dura Mater
O.O. Aalami, K.D. Fong, R.P. Nacamuli, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, D.E. Sahar,
K.A. Lenton, C.M. Cowan, J.T. Chi and M.T. Longaker
Establishment of a Young-versus-Adult Mouse Calvarial Defect Model
O.O. Aalami, R.P. Nacamuli, K.D. Fong, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, D.E. Sahar,
K.A. Lenton, C.M. Cowan and M.T. Longaker
Metopic Craniosynostosis: Treatment Using Endoscopic Techniques
C. Barone, D. Jimenez, L. Baker and C. Cartwright
Endoscopic Anatomy of the Orbital Floor and Newly Described Orbito-Maxillary
Strut
M. Bromwich, C. Moore, T. Wallace and D. Matic
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing in Distraction Osteogenesis: Promise for Ex
Vivo Expansion Therapy and Gene-delivery Vehicles
C.L. Cetrulo, Jr., D.J. Ceradini, R.L. Ashinoff, M. Dobryanski, K.A. Bhatt,
J. Michaels V, J.N. Jensen, R.D. Galiano, J.P. Levine, G.C. Gurtner and J.G.
McCarthy
Long Term Follow-up: 22 Cases of Hypertelorbitsm
C.L. Costa Pereira, M. Guidi, A.R. Clemente, T. Rinco, L.R. Martinhão Souto,
L.A. Athayde Cardoso and C. Raposo do Amaral
FGF-2 Form and Receptor Production Correlate with Osteoblast Maturity
C. Cowan, N. Quarto and M.T. Longaker
Angiogenesis During Distraction Osteogenesis
T.D. Fang, W. Xia, R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, K.D. Fong, J.A. Mathy,
Y.Y. Shi and M.T. Longaker
A Mouse Model of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
T.D. Fang, R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, R. Thomas, K.D. Fong, O.O. Aalami and
M.T. Longaker
The Osteogenic Antagonist BMP-3 is Down-Regulated During Programmed Suture
Fusion in the Rat
K.D. Fong, R.P. Nacamuli, K. Lenton, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, A. Salim, Y.-Y.
Shi, O.O. Aalami and M.T. Longaker
Mechanical Strain Effects on Dura Mater Biology: Implications for
Understanding Immature Calvarial Healing
K.D. Fong, S.M. Warren, E.G. Loboa, J.H. Henderson, T.D. Fang, R.P. Nacamuli,
D.R. Carter and M.T. Longaker
Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Cranial Suture Fusion
K.D. Fong, H.M. Song, R.P. Nacamuli, B. Franc, T.D. Fang, A. Salim, C.
Contag, F. Blankenburg and M.T. Longaker
Calvarial Osteoblast Response to Mechanical Tensile Strain
K.D. Fong, E.G. Loboa, R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, T.D. Fang, A. Salim, Y.-Y.
Shi and M.T. Longaker
Microfocal CT: A Method for Evaluating Murine Cranial Sutures In-Situ
R.F. Recinos, C.C. Hanger, R.B. Schaefer, C.A. Dawson and A.K. Gosain
A 12-Year Experience with Surgical Correction for Craniosynostosis at a
Single University Center
J. Jack, H. Vasconez and B. Fink
Early Relapse of Mandibular Asymmetry During Consolidation Period in
Distraction
S. Kim, W.J. Kim, J.C. Kim and C.G. Park
Vectorial Planning of Craniofacial Bone Distraction with the RED System
N. Alonso, D. Goldenberg, D. Lima, P. Camara and M. Ferreira
A New Three-dimensional Imaging System for Evaluation and Treatment of
Plagiocephaly
T.R. Littlefield, J.K. Pomatto, S.P. Beals, K.M. Kelly and J.C. Cherney1
Comparison of Plaster Casting Versus 3D Imaging for Treatment of
Plagiocephaly
T.R. Littlefield, J.K. Pomatto, S.P. Beals, K.M. Kelly and J.C. Cherney
Genome-wide Expression Analysis of Fetal Skin Development: Implications for
Scarless Healing
R. Yun, W. Kong, R. Faudoa, W. Xia, M.T. Longaker and H.P. Lorenz
Use of Porous of Polyethylene (Medpor ®) Biomaterial in Cranial and Facial
Reconstruction
A. Madaree, E. Siolo, W.M.M. Morris, P. McGarr, S. Simango and M. Daya
African Method of Stereolithography for Cranial Vault Reconstruction
A. Madaree, W.M.M. Morris, P.A.J.Le Roux and P. Furber
FGF-2 Stimulation Affects Calvarial Osteoblast Biology: Analysis of Nine
Genes Important for Cranial Suture Biology
J.A. Mathy, K. Lenton, A. Salim, R.P. Nacamuli, K.D. Fong, H.M. Song, T.D.
Fang,
G.P. Yang and M.T. Longaker
Midface Distraction in an Adult Patient with Crouzon Syndrome
K. Matsumoto, H. Nakanishi, K. Koutsu, M. Okazaki and K. Moriyama
The Use of Laser Data Acquisition Systems in the Treatment of Scaphocephaly
R.M. Menard and J. Welsh
Temporal Variations in Mechanical Stimuli during Mandibular Distraction
Osteogenesis
E.F. Morgan, E.G. Loboa, T.D. Fang, M.T. Longaker and D.R. Carter
Starfish Craniectomy: An Alternative Approach for Cranial Reshaping
A.S. Murthy, S. Gargasz and M.G. Parker
In Situ Analysis of Osteogenic Differentiation in Mouse Cranial Sutures
R.P. Nacamuli, K.D. Fong, S.M. Warren, T.D. Fang, H.M. Song, A. Salim, J.A.
Helms and M.T. Longaker
Microarray Analysis of Regional Patterning of Suture-Specific Dura Mater
R.P. Nacamuli, H.M. Song, T.D. Fang, K.D. Fong, O.O. Aalami, A. Salim,
D.E. Sahar, J.T. Chi and M.T. Longaker
Feminization of the Chin: A Review of 485 Consecutive Cases
D.K. Ousterhout
Development of the Craniofacial Model Library
C. Perlyn, R. Hagan, R. Schmelzer, A. Kane, D. Govier, A. Christensen and J.
Marsh
Uncommon Branchial Arch Sequelae: No Tongue, No Ear, Severe Micrognathia –
How Can Effective Communication and Oral Feeding Occur?
M.E. Rosser
Cranial Suture Fate in an In Vitro Organ Culture Model
D.E. Sahar, H.M. Song, K.D. Fong, R.P. Nacamuli, S.M. Warren,
J.A. Mathy, T.D. Fang, O. Aalami and M.T. Longaker
Hypoxia and Anoxia Induce Different Metabolic and Growth Factor Responses in
Osteoblasts
A. Salim, R.P. Nacamuli,
K.D. Fong, Y.Y. Shi, A.J. Giaccia and M.T. Longaker
Gene Expression of TGF-b1 and FGFR2 in Mouse Calvarial Tissues Using Real
Time RT-PCR
R.B. Schaefer, R.F. Recinos, M. Agresti and A.K. Gosain
Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Effects of Aging on Multipotency
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Poly (D, L,) Lactide Implants in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery: Experience
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